Friar Laurences Part in Romeo and Juliet Essay - 605 Words

In the classic play Romeo and Juliet, Friar Laurence plays a major part. Romeo and Juliet trusted him entirely as he was the priest of their town. They turned to the Friar for help and advice at a few crucial points in the play. Little did these two lovers know that their decision to turn to Friar Laurence for help would eventually lead to their deaths. Friar Laurence was responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet because he married Romeo and Juliet, he was afraid of committing a sin, and because of his faulty plan for saving Juliet from a marriage to Paris. One of the main reasons that Friar Laurence was held accountable for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet is because he married them. First of all, this marriage was done without the†¦show more content†¦Tybalt challenged Romeo to a fight, but Mercutio stepped in and ended up getting killed by Tybalt. Romeo sought revenge by killing Tybalt. As a result of murdering Tybalt, Romeo got banished from Verona. None of these ev ents would have taken place if the Friar would have thought through his decision to marry Romeo and Juliet. Friar Laurence did not want to commit a sin, by marrying someone who was already married to someone else. Since this was the case, he did not want to marry Juliet to Paris. Juliet wonders about this in one of her soliloquies. â€Å"What if it be a poison, which the Friar / Subtly hath minster’d to have me dead, / Lest in this marriage he should be dishonour’d / Because he married me before to Romeo? / I fear it is† (Shakespeare 85). The Friar should have been honest about marrying Romeo and Juliet in the first place. Because he was not honest, Romeo and Juliet’s parents did not know that they were married. If Juliet’s parents would have known about her marriage to Romeo, then they would not have forced her into marriage with Paris, ultimately causing their deaths. Another reason that Friar Laurence can be blamed is because of his faulty plan to save Juliet from having to marry Paris. He was rushed into concocting this plan because Juliet was threatening to kill herself if she had to marry Paris. Juliet said, â€Å"Unless thou tellShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1721 Words   |  7 PagesA significant quote from Romeo and Juliet: â€Å"Wisely and slow. They stumble that run fast† (2.3.94). This is the advice given by Friar Laurence warning about the dangers of fickle love, but it also says something about how action may lead to disaster. In Romeo and Juliet by Willia m Shakespeare, the two protagonists for whom the play is named, Romeo and Juliet, are children of two relentlessly feuding families. Juliet belongs to the Capulet family while Romeo belongs to the Montagues. When the two meetRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1011 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s classic tragedy, Romeo and Juliet, two star-crossed lovers meet which leads to the inevitability of their fate which is their death. Throughout the play, fate proves itself as unstoppable due to Romeo and Juliet’s rushed love. In the beginning, the brawl between the altercations families foreshadow the impending violence. In the middle of the play, the timing of Friar Laurence s devised plan leads to the abasement and suicide of Romeo. At the end of the play, the timing ofRead MoreTragic Consequences In William Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet1396 Words   |  6 Pages(trying to help) leading to tragic consequences is a major part of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Friar Laurence, Lord Capulet, and Balthasar demonstrate how good intentions can lead to tragic consequences. Tragic consequences refers to harsh outcomes as a result of different actions. Firstly, Friar Laurence demonstrates how good intentions can lead to tragic consequences. Friar Laurence agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet because he feels that their marriage could end the feud betweenRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Analysis1384 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis Essay #1: Romeo and Juliet Below write your essay based on the outline that you created. In William Shakespeare’s famous play, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet,† the supporting characters play enormous roles in the plot of the performance by helping Romeo and Juliet be together. The Nurse and Friar Laurence both cause dramatic changes to the play through the course of their actions, both with their own goals and reasons for their behavior. The Nurse is caring and pure, wishing simply for Juliet to be happyRead MoreRomeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare532 Words   |  2 PagesShakespeare’s, classic play, Romeo and Juliet, a young girl, Juliet, has fallen in love with a boy from a feuding family, Romeo. Friar Laurence, the priest, has married them against the rules. Juliet’s cousin, Tybalt starts a fight with Romeo and Romeo kills Tybalt. Romeo, in hysteria and distress goes searching for Friar Laurence’s advice, since the Friar is the only one who knows about the marriage besides the Nurse, Romeo and Juliet. In Scene 3 of Act 3, Friar Laurence ’s speech reveals many of Romeo’sRead MoreFriar Laurence’s Role in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare627 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, tells of two lovers who sacrifice their life for each other throughout their family’s feud. Throughout the play, Shakespeare utilizes the Nurse and Friar Laurence to offer guidance to Romeo and Juliet. The Friar, in particular, is considered â€Å"a holy man† because he is a monk and is particularly thought of for his noble counsel (5.3.269). In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, Friar Laurence’s advice and plans were designed to bring theRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1084 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s play, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†. As the play begins, Lord Capulet has a masked ball to encourage the courtship of Juliet and Paris, and Romeo and his friend, Benvolio attend the ball, which is where Romeo an d Juliet first meet and fall in love. After the ball, Romeo goes to the Capulet’s Orchard to visit Juliet and agree to marry the next day. Friar Laurence thinks whether to marry the couple, then agrees to think that it will bring the rival families together. During that period, Romeo is banishedRead MoreRJ Study Guide796 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet Act I 1. Who is Prince Escalus? What lines indicate his feelings about the feuding? * He is the prince of Verona. In other words he is like the mayor or a peace keeper * If ever you disturb our streets again, Your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. 2. What information is Benvolio able to get from Romeo? * The sadness Romeo feels for the fact that Rosaline will never be with Romeo. 3. What kind of friend is Benvolio? * He is a good friendRead MoreRomeo and Juliet740 Words   |  3 PagesHATRED AND VIOLENCE BREED ONLY TRAGGEDY Romeo and Juliet is a tragic play written by William Shakespeare. â€Å"Hatred and violence breed only tragedy†, is a major theme in this play. The Montague and Capulet are two rival families. They were involved in a family feud that goes back years before anyone can remember. However, the grudge still continues, due to the fact that both families are not ready to forgive and forget the past. The families’ ongoing quarrels and feud, lead to the deaths of severalRead MoreTrue Love in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesthink of Romeo and Juliet as a love story with a tragic ending rather than a classic tragedy, because the love Romeo and Juliet find and share is beautiful and inspiring: there is nothing tragic about it.    Juliet My bounty is as boundless as the sea, My love as deep. The more I give to thee, The more I have, for both are infinite. [Act 2, Scene 2, 133-35]    Their heart-rending deaths are of course tragic, resulting as they do from an unforeseeable flaw in Friar Laurences

How Rhetoric Is Required For Every College Student

Understanding how to use rhetoric is required for every college student in order for them to write an academic essay. In college writing, many professors wants us, as students, to actually write a college paper, not an informal paper that may be accepted in high school. de the reader feel that we know what we need to write and how to write rhetorical awareness is important for multilingual writer. Because The instructor want us to be able use our own knowledge and demonstrate our own skills while writing. Consequently, the more practice we have, the better we get. As a multilingual writer myself, I often struggle with how to begin an academic paper and how to develop my paper . However, I spend most of my time trying to write and†¦show more content†¦Consequently, the more practice, the better we get. As myself as a multilingual writer, I’m struggling a lot from the beginning how to write an academic paper. However, I spend most of my time to write and how to m ake it to become stronger and an effective paper. With those hours and effort, I believe that my paper will turn out the quality that I wanted. Today, I will introduce to the bilingual writer the new way to write our paper. It is called rhetoric. So what is rhetoric and why it is important to our writing? Rhetoric is the art of using language effectively and persuasively. The rhetoric contains five parts in the writing, which are audience, purpose, persona, context and rhetorical choices. When we using the rhetoric in our writing, we need to made the reader feel that we know what we need to write and how to write rhetorical awareness is important for multilingual writer, because it’s allow us to learn and demonstrate what we understand into our writing. The rhetoric is the art that conveying a point in convincing way. At the beginning of class, our instructor, Sylvia had introduced us about the rhetorical situation. At first, I don’t know how the rhetoric relat ed to writing. I only know that the rhetoric was something that related to art. As Sylvia lectured and explained what the rhetoric does in writing, I finally know that the art and the writing were the same. The art need to be

The Odyssey Book 5/6 Summary Analysis Free Essays

Chapter 5 All the gods except Poseidon gather again on Mount Olympus to discuss Odysseus’s fate. Athena’s speech in support of the hero prevails on Zeus to intervene. Hermes, messenger of the gods, is sent to Calypso’s island to tell her that Odysseus must at last be allowed to leave so he can return home. We will write a custom essay sample on The Odyssey: Book 5/6 Summary Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now In reply, Calypso delivers an impassioned indictment of the male gods and their double standards. She complains that they are allowed to take mortal lovers while the affairs of the female gods must always be frustrated. In the end, she submits to the supreme will of Zeus. By now, Odysseus alone remains of the contingent that he led at Troy; his crew and the other boats in his force were all destroyed during his journeys. Calypso helps him build a new boat and stocks it with provisions from her island. With sadness, she watches as the object of her love sails away. After eighteen days at sea, Odysseus spots Scheria, the island of the Phaeacians, his next destination appointed by the gods. Just then, Poseidon, returning from a trip to the land of the Ethiopians, spots him and realizes what the other gods have done in his absence. Poseidon stirs up a storm, which nearly drags Odysseus under the sea, but the goddess Ino comes to his rescue. She gives him a veil that keeps him safe after his ship is wrecked. Athena too comes to his rescue as he is tossed back and forth, now out to the deep sea, now against the jagged rocks of the coast. Finally, a river up the coast of the island answers Odysseus’s prayers and allows him to swim into its waters. He throws his protective veil back into the water as Ino had commanded him to do and walks inland to rest in the safe cover of a forest. Calypo complains to the gods that the male gods always get to have relationships with mortal females whereas the goddesses Summary: Book 6 That night, Athena appears in a dream to the Phaeacian princess Nausicaa, disguised as her friend. She encourages the young princess to go to the river the next day to wash her clothes so that she will appear more fetching to the many men courting her. The next morning, Nausicaa goes to the river, and while she and her handmaidens are naked, playing ball as their clothes dry on the ground, Odysseus wakes in the forest and encounters them. Naked himself, he humbly yet winningly pleads for their assistance, never revealing his identity. Nausicaa leaves him alone to wash the dirt and brine from his body, and Athena makes him look especially handsome, so that when Nausicaa sees him again she begins to fall in love with him. Afraid of causing a scene if she walks into the city with a strange man at her side, Nausicaa gives Odysseus directions to the palace and advice on how to approach Arete, queen of the Phaeacians, when he meets her. With a prayer to Athena for hospitality from the Phaeacians, Odysseus sets out for the palace. Analysis: Books 5–6 Our first encounter with Odysseus confirms what we have already learned about him from Menelaus’s and Helen’s accounts of his feats during the Trojan War and what Homer’s audience would already have known: that Odysseus is very cunning and deliberative. The poet takes pains to show him weighing every decision: whether to try landing against the rocky coast of Scheria; whether to rest by the river or in the shelter of the woods; and whether to embrace Nausicaa’s knees (the customary gesture of supplication) or address her from afar. The shrewd and measured approach that these instances demonstrate balances Odysseus’s warrior mentality. Though aggressive and determined, he is far from rash. Instead, he is shrewd, cautious, and extremely self-confident. At one point, he even ignores the goddess Ino’s advice to abandon ship, trusting in his seafaring abilities and declaring, â€Å"[I]t’s what seems best to me† (5. 397). In each case, he makes a decision and converts thought to action with speed and poise. In his encounter with Nausicaa, a telling example of his skill in interacting with people and charisma, his subdued approach comes off as â€Å"endearing, sly and suave† (6. 162). How to cite The Odyssey: Book 5/6 Summary Analysis, Essay examples

Navajo Code Talkers free essay sample

S was in need of a cipher, which is a code to help transmit sausages without the Japanese interfering and intercepting, so they turned to the Navajo. The Navajo Language was spoken only by the Navajo and not written down at all. It was the perfect code for the military. The Navajo tribe was one of the largest Native American tribes in the U. S. Coming in second only to the Cherokee nation. They still held the biggest Native American reservation of them all, sixteen million acres to be exact, and not an inch more. The Navajo people were a lot like our people. They had everyday Jobs, even got paid! Yet they were slaughtered by the military until they were needed. The Navajo project all started in the mind of Mr.. Phillip Johnston. He had spent his childhood on the Navajo reservation and spoke Navajo himself. Other than his Job as engineer of Los Angels, he also lectured about Navajo and told of their great language. We will write a custom essay sample on Navajo Code Talkers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One day he was looking through the newspaper and noticed that an armored division was trying to create a military code from a Native American Language. That sparked the idea. Once he had the idea he traveled to camp Elliot near San Diego to demonstrate it to Lieutenant Colonel James E. Jones. Jones was skeptical at first but once it was demonstrated he was completely on board. They .NET the idea to the marines and recommended 200 Navajo for the assignment. What they received wasnt quite what they were expecting. They were given permission for a pilot project which basically meaner they were approved but only for 30 Navajo. One dropped out so it was really only twenty-nine Navajo. After the 30 Navajo were chosen in 1942, they began their training. They trained just like all other marines, except tort one thing, the code. The code was developed in camp Pendleton, Accordance, California. This was the first Native American language used in battle other than Choctaw. Once the code was created, they were sent into heir respected divisions. Twenty-seven were sent and two stayed behind to teach the future Navajo the code so that they would always have talkers. Now on to the actual code. The system for the code was a series of seemingly random Navajo words such as fox or house. Even if the enemy did know Navajo, the code would still be valid. First they would receive the message through a telephone or radio. After they heard the words, they would write down their English equivalents. They would have a list of random words. Then they would take those words and only use the first letter of that word for the code so if you got the words, race: umbrella: nut: it would translate to R. IS. N. What made it difficult was the fact that there were multiple words for one letter for example, the words, ant: axe: apple: would all mean A. Along with the letters, they also invented certain words to mean certain military terms such as, tank. In fact, they made over 450 military terms. After the code was developed, not only did they deploy into all six divisions of the marines but they were tremendous fighters. They were praised for their skill, speed, and accuracy. They were perfectly qualified marines and participated in all common urine activities. The Navajo did all this on top of the codes they produced and transmitted. These Navajo took part in every attack the marines made in the war. These codes were one of the reasons we won in the Pacific. They took only 3 minutes to produce, transmit, and receive a single code. That is extraordinary considering fact that a common code machine could take hours, even days to transmit a code. When the Japanese picked up on the code, they were completely baffled by it. They didnt had no idea what it meant. Even though they were only recently acknowledged for their valiant fight for their entry, it was a truly a memorable ceremony. The talkers received Congressional Gold Medals for their service. They were recognized on September 17th, 1992 by George Bush at the pentagon. Although there were around 540 total code talkers deployed, only 35 showed up to the ceremony. The Navajo code talkers were recognized as heroes and that they deserve to be. The code they created not only became the most unbreakable code the world had ever known but also saved countless marines in the process. They truly are American heroes. If not for them, who knows. We might not have won the war.

Media planner Essay Example

Media planner Paper Would regard this process used towards the development of a brand business to business Advertising as it is based on the assumption that at least the initial sale is made by sort of face to face contact between the supplier and buyer. He further argues that business advertising is a not free standing activity: it is a part of a programme of consistory o sales literature such as direct mail, and data based communication, exhibition, PR, sales-journal publication, sales presentation material. The outcome of this result is a business unit structure, whereby, a team takes responsibility for explaining a particular market segment This he suggests is a small form of advertising In these circumstances is naturally different from its role in selling low cost, low-tech, mass produced goods to individuals to make their own buying decision. Impulse buying is far from unknown in the business purchasing (Jeans, 1990:191,192) The increase in technology has made the practice of advertising marketing strategies in which advertisers make their decisions today has made traditional marketing strategies in the from of print and television have changed with advanced technology like the world wide web in turn making it easier for ad agencies to make a more personal communication process of researching the lifestyles of potential target audiences for a client and perhaps leave the traditional from of advertising communication with consumers open to debate in according to his book Advertising Roderick White states We will write a custom essay sample on Media planner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Media planner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Media planner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ad agencies themselves started in the early 19th century as brokers, selling advertising space for newspapers and news-sheets. It was only later that they realized that they could make money, and give a better service, by providing the advertisers with copy to fill the space (White, R: 2000:15), White goes to explain that emergence of the roles traditionally goes back to the 1960s, whereby few pioneers formed specialists agencies to handle media buying. Thus that they recognised that such approach was different in character from other agency tasks. Hence White also points out that they to debated that by concentrating purely on buying they could offer better value to advertisers than the traditional agencies. (White, R: 2000:16). Here White points out that they work (alongside) other traditional mass media such as radio, television and print mediums. In order to ensure that there advertising campaigns reaches their target market; thus (to do this) The media planner creates a media plan by undertaking research to clearly find the clients target audiences age/sex, everyday media consumption, habits, competitive data. In addition the theorist Marshal McLuhan was one of the first theorist to suggest that sending out of media message to the Global Village referring that the Internet allows positive communication. Though scholars like Roland Bathes may argue that the use of technology may be of help to the advertisers and their clients business but we the consumers are being force-fed as he suggests, The system breaks down when it opens itself to the world through paths of connotation Barthes, R, 1983:290. Furthermore, other theorist and scholars argue to Barthes point that the distinction between a product and a brand is important because it explains much of what marketing tries to do, and much of the use of advertisements. (White, 2000, 4. ) Dyer argues advertisers might feel they are in touch with the consumers, but they tend to be selective about the reality they portray and present the values and ideas most familiar to them (Dyer 2003. 13). Theorist like Nixon may perhaps agree of Dyers comments made above, for he refers to commercial culture as culture of commerce: the cultural meaning and values that cohere within and set the conditions for business forms, practices and relations integral to the practice of advertising depend for their performance upon sets of cultural meanings and values. (Nixon, 2003:35); The point he is making here he further goes to justify in his book Advertising Cultures is that active role in helping to constitute and articulate the economic relationship between consumers and clients, as he believes ad agencies take a active role in constituting thus articulating the economic relationship between consumers and clients techniques like planning and market research. Bibliography Williams, G, Branded? London, V A Publications, 2001 Myers, G, Ad World, London, Arnold Publishers, 1999 White, R, Advertising Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill Publishing Company. Huges, In Marketing and the function of Advertising within it In Hart, A, N (1990) The Practice of Advertising Third Edition, London, Butterworth Heinemann Hart, N, The Practice of Advertising Fourth Edition, Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann Wernick, A, Promotional Culture, London, SAGE Publications, 1991 Fletcher, W, Advertising Advertising, Profile Books LTD,1999

Ethnic Residential Segregation The Solidarity of The Group essays

Ethnic Residential Segregation The Solidarity of The Group essays ETHNIC RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION: THE SOLIDARITY OF THE GROUP The urban metropolis and its function in society cannot be understood without studying its composition as a city of immigrants, their newcomer families and friends and the ties that bind them. By overlooking the ethnic culture and networks of the city's immigrants, the study of the urban centre is at best a futile effort. Ethnic tendencies and particularly ethnic residential segregation, are areas of examination than cannot be neglected if we are to understand the individual and group experiences that ultimately influence urban growth. It is therefore important to carefully explore these areas so that insight into the underpinnings of the urban metropolis is achieved. Looking at Canadian urban centres from 1850-1920, specifically the city of Toronto, I will examine the issue of ethnic residential segregation and its significance to the urban centre. I will attempt to prove that this phenomenon is a consequence of ethnic concentration in particular industries resulting from ethnic networks and socio-economic inequalities present within society. Furthermore, the existence of these vibrant yet segregated ethnic communities does not imply that assimilation is failing to occur. Consequently, standard assimilation frameworks, which assume that proximity to the majority group increases with socio-economic gains, must be re-evaluated. Urban and historical geographers have become increasingly interested in studying residential segregation through the context of changes in the industrial workplace (Scott, 1986). A number of industries like clothing, textile, iron and steel have employed large proportions of immigrant workers (Leiberson, 1933). Toronto is no exception. Early immigrant settlers came to North America in search of a 'better' life and increased economic opportunities (Lindstrom-Best, 1979) and Toronto's economic ambience appealed to them. 1850's Tor...

Spanish Civil WAR, critical commentary on 4 primary and secondary Essay

Spanish Civil WAR, critical commentary on 4 primary and secondary source materials including literary or film sources - Essay Example The following discussion will examine the question whether or not the defeat of the Republic was inevitable. The sources for the analysis will include a variety of primary sources including a painting, a novel, a journal, and a newspaper article. Secondary sources will be employed to add context to these primary sources. Together this historical evidence will be mined for the causes of the Republican defeat in the spring of 1939. The conclusion will then return to the inevitability of the Nationalist victory. Comparing the aerial bombing of Guernica to the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki or the Allied firebombing that engulfed Dresden, Oxford Professor Raymond Carr describes it as merely a minor act of vandalism. However,viewed in the context of 1936 it was a terrifying, revolutionary and effective operation. According to Preston, â€Å"Guernica was the first total destruction of an undefended civilian target by aerial bombardment.† (Preston, 2006, 5) Precise casualty figures remain a subject of debate amongst historians but on the seventieth anniversary of the attack the BBC summarized historical opinion, â€Å"The figures for the number of casualties in the bombing are still disputed, but most historians think between 200 and 250 people were killed and many hundreds wounded. â€Å" (BBC, 2007) Also, Guernica was the historic capital of the Basque nation and as such its destruction was designed to terrorize the Basque and undermining their resistance to the Nationalist forces. A second element of Prestons description of the event is also significant. Guernica was attacked by the Condor Legion, German aircraft and aircrew seconded to the Nationalist forces to aid in their victory and gain experience in aerial bombardment. Simply put, they were military professionals. Technologically, the Republicans could not match them. Guernica had no anti-aircraft defenses and the

Compare and Contrast Videos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compare and Contrast Videos - Essay Example Social, political and economic aspects are highlighted in any form of information that perceives to be passed (Zelkowitz 186). This paper considers a comparison and a contrast prior to two videos in the context of passing intended information to the right audience. The video is about a laptop. The handler of this laptop is well aware of the task ahead of the team, but finds himself in a situation where he is asked to do a task that he is not in a position to using the computer. The second video is about cops. It presents a scenario of how cops overstep their powers to handle the public in an unethical manner, given their role in the society. Although the videos are set up on different contexts, similarities and differences can be noted in the procedural development of events prior to each video. Comparison 1. The two videos are used to convey a given message. The first video (about a computer) presents a scenario where the old generation does not know how to use computers. The person who had carried the computer thought that that was his sole duty although they want to break into an army base. The video therefore communicates the importance of knowing how to operate a computer regardless of the age. On the other hand, the video about the cops is aimed at mobilizing the public towards their rights and entitlements. It presents ways in which the cops harass the public, and therefore aims to put the public in notice that the police do over step human rights. Basically, the two videos have a message to pass. 2. Both the videos involve security issues. The team in the video about a computer is about to break into army base. It is expected that this action will trigger security concerns internally and externally. The aim of breaking into the army base is not presented in the video, but if a clean deal is expected out of the actions of this team, then they would use the main gate to get inside the army base. Their actions are therefore tailored towards jeopardizing se curity within and without the army base. Police forces are expected to maintain and order at all times (Gaines 348). When the cops fail to respect the integrity, rights and freedoms of the people, then they fail to observe set laws. This is set to trigger a conflict between the cops and the people as it is seen in the Cop Watch video. Both the videos therefore have aspects of security brought on board. 3. Ill motives While the computer team wants to break into an army base, the Cops in the Cop Watch video are violating human rights. Both the videos present a motive of undertaking an ill-oriented action against another party. In both videos, the characters understand who they are dealing with. That is, the computer team acknowledges that it wants to break into an army base, meaning that they fully understand their actions and they are well informed of the other party. This is the same case with the cops. They fully understand that they are dealing with the public. Although they are w ell aware of the rights and freedoms of the public, they are ignorant enough to act offended and overuse their power and authority. Contrast 1. Tools of work While the computer team is dependent on the computer to achieve their objective, the cops on the other movie are making use of assigned weapons, power and authori

Direct marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Direct marketing - Essay Example Technology like the internet with its email facilities, websites and mobiles enable marketers to advertise directly to customers and potential buyers (Johnson 2005). Firms find it easier to market in such a manner because this sort of marketing helps them to target only those customers who would be interested in their products. Only those customers approach the outlets that have some sort of a keen interest in the products and this helps avoid window shoppers who waste time and therefore add to costs (Hyde 2008). This also helps in directly marketing efforts in a specific direction to specified people instead of mass marketing and going haywire with advertisements splashed all over the media like the TV, radio, billboards across cities and countries requiring exorbitant budgets(Kotler 2003). Direct marketing can be carried out in several ways which include directly mailing the customer, emailing , telemarketing etc. the benefits of direct marketing are several besides those mentioned above. The data of the customers of your product can be collected and it can even be purchased. This data is traceable, track able and can really help in further researching and improving the product and marketing methods. The preferences of the customers can be known and can be helpful especially when new products are to be launched (Thornton 1995). According to Kotler (2003) the downside is that since this data can be purchased, just anyone can purchase it and thus the consumers may get mails that they don’t want and may be irritated by telemarketing phone calls. The emails that the consumers get may not even reach the consumers who may disregard such mails as junk or block them out completely. The firms marketing in such a way may not know if the prospective consumers are reading the mails or discarding them but then again it’s a risk that every form of advertising incurs (Kotler 2003). Research shows that shifting to direct

Second Languages Harder To Learn In Adulthood English Language Essay

Second Languages Harder To Learn In Adulthood English Language Essay This topic can be very useful for adult students who are learning a second language. It shows from a scientific prospective, the explanation of why adult s can not keep a fluently conversation in the second language when they are learning it. The technologies presented give rich data that explains this phenomenon. In addition to this, it also gives another explanation from a pedagogical prospective differencing the way children learn from adults. Finally, this topic can make students and teachers reflect on the way how they are learning and teaching the second language. Outline Introduction of why to speak a second language is difficult in adulthood. Importance of learning a second language Why is so difficult to learn a second language later in life? The brain The methodology Background of brain research technique using technologies Language centers Functions of Wernickes area Functions of Brocas area Research techniques Positron emission tomography (PET), 1995. Findings Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 1997. Findings by Dr. Joy Hirsch Intracranial Electrophysiology (ICE), 2009. Findings by Dr. Ned T. Sahin Language learning vs. language acquisition by Julio Foppoli. Literature Review Controversy in positions of language centers in the brain. Positron emission tomography (PET). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Controversy in functions of language centers in the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Intracranial Electrophysiology (ICE). Controversy in methodology of teaching the second language. Language Acquisition Language Learning Arguments of why to speak a second language is difficult when you learn it in adulthood. Functions of the Brocas area Receptive language Expressive language Methodology used to teach the second language. Conclusion Restatement of why to speak a language is difficult when you learn it in childhood. Biological reasons Pedagogical reasons Recommendation Why to Speak a Second Language Is Difficult When You Learn It in Adulthood Nowadays, people are more interested in learning a second language. They can be children, teenagers or adults. But , at the time to look for a job, to study abroad, to do tourism, to make business or just to have access to new cultures, adult people realize the importance to learn a second or maybe a third language. This is the moment when they want to learn it as soon as possible like magic. As a result, this originates frustration and disappointment at the moment to learn and acquire a new language. Therefore, when adults try to learn a second language, they must be informed of the biological processes that their brains undergo. So, adults must ask themselves, why is so difficult to learn a second language later in life? Maybe the answer is in the brain. A part of our brain has to get accustomed to new patterns that did not exist in the past. It is like learning to ride a bike. You, as an amateur, fall down and fall down, until the moment that you can pedal and have the balance. Th en, you do it, and you will never forget it. Thus, learning a second language is the same; however, the key is in the practice that you frequently do. According to this research, there are two possible complex answers why to learn a second language is difficult in adulthood. First, results provided by technologies studying the bilingual brain. Secondly, the methodology and strategy used to teach the second language. These two answers can be connected to each other, but it gives a clear explanation to the question. In order to make evidences clear, there will be comparisons between early and late bilinguals. Also, we will see the difference between learning and acquiring a second language. While it maybe true all the arguments presented, there are some other factors that we have to consider such as motivation, personality, critical period and style of learning among others. Bilingualism and second language acquisition are very broad topics that can be interpreted in different ways, but they all coincide in the same that children and adults learn differently. Background In our brain, the part in charge of language is in the left hemisphere of the brain. This applies for those who are right-handed. Those who are left-handed this part can be in the right hemisphere or in both sides of the brain. No matters how, in this part of the brain there are the language centers. These are the Wernickes area and the Brocas area. The Wernickes area (WA) is in charge of the understanding or meaning of the language; in contrast, the Brocas area (BA) is in charge of the speech production. This notion is still taught in many text books according to ScienceDaily (2009). But nowadays, recent research says that it also manages word identity (lexicon and grammar), and phonology (identify pronunciation), ScienceDaily (2009) Steele (2010). These two language centers differ in position in early and late bilinguals. Early bilinguals the first language (L1) and second language (L2) are in the same position in the Wernickes and Brocas area. Nevertheless, in late bilinguals is different. The L1 and L2 are in the same position in the Wernickes, but they are not in the Brocas area. The L1 and L2 are spatially separated in this language center, according to Dr. Joy Hirschs research (1997). There has been different research using different technologies to prove this. First, in 1995 a technique named non-invasive brain imaging using computer-aided tomography, also known as positron emission tomography (PET), suggested that L1and L2 are centered in the same part in the BA. But, the point here is that the sample used were participants of seven years old, which was the Hirschs description of an early bilingual (1997). Later, in 1997 the head of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospitals functional M.R.I. Laboratory, Dr. Joy Hirsch and her graduate student Karl Kim, used the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the cognitive tasks in the brain, Blakeslee (1997). They recruited as sample 12 healthy bilinguals. Six learnt the second language in infancy, and the other half around 11 and 19 years old. Hirsch (1997) discovered that People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Brocas area for both languages. But those who learned a second langu age later in life made use of a distinct region in Brocas area for their second languagenear the one activated for their native tongue. Finally, a new study carried out by Ned T. Sahin, PhD, post-doctoral fellow in the University of California, San Diego, Department of Radiology and Harvard University Department of Psychology, reported two more functions of the BA that are word identity (grammar), and pronunciation. This was thanks to the research technique named Intracranial Electrophysiology (ICE), which provides data of very high spatial and temporal resolution, Steele (2010). But, the sample used was different from the others. In this research, scientists used patients who were undergoing brain surgery, Steele (2010). All in all, it is also important to highlight the difference between language acquisition and language learning. According to Julio Foppoli, a teacher of English and Spanish as a second language, he says that acquisition comes naturally and meaningfully; in contrast, language learning is imposed, not meaningful and not communicative. So according to him, these could be important factors to success or fail in speaking and understanding a second language. Literature Review Dr. Hirschs research found evidence that children and adults do not use the same parts of the brain when learning a second language. People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Brocas area for both languages. But those who learned a second language later in life made use of a distinct region in Brocas area for their second languagenear the one activated for their native tongue, Discovermagazine, (1997). But, the only function described of the Brocas area was the execution of speech (Blakeslee, 1997). In contrast, Steele (2010) reports that a newest research demonstrates that besides the execution for speech production, the Brocas area is involved in other types of linguistics processing such as lexical (helping to identify forms, such as plurals or past tenses), and phonological (helping to identify pronunciations). In addition to this, Sahim (2009) adds, we showed that distinct linguistic processes are computed within small regions of Brocas area, separa ted in time and partially overlapping in space Specifically, the researchers found patterns of neuronal activity indicating lexical, grammatical and articulatory computations at roughly 200, 320 and 450 milliseconds after the target word was presented, ScienceDaily, (2009). The authors coincide with the nature of Broca ´s area as a mysterious brain function. The problem is with late or adult learners of second language. They have to build a new system for the second language, as Hirsch (1997) tries to explain it saying that when language is being hard-wired during development, the brain may intertwine sounds and structures from all languages into the same area. But once that wiring is complete, the management of a new language, with new sounds and structures, must be taken over by a different part of the brain. For that reason, it needs to change the methodology for adult learners toward a communicative and meaningful classes rather than grammar oriented classes, as Julio Foppoli suggests. This is supported by Hirsch comparing the way how children acquire the second language with the way adults do. Because the parents and family members teach the infant to speak the second language in a very tactile, auditory and visual way, children easily acquire it. In contrast, adults only sit down in high schools in classes that revolve around grammar, patterns, repetitions, drillings and rote memorization without even a human interlocutor to interact with, they can not acquire it, Discovermagazine, (1997) Julio Foppoli. So this is a good example that Julio Foppoli remarks in the difference of language acquisition and language learning. Language acquisition is meaningful and communicative; in contrast, the language learning is not communicative and not meaningful, Julio Foppoly adds. Arguments Obviously, learning a second language is habituating our body and mind to new patterns. This is supported by Hirsch adding that We can see the body building in the brain as a result of this. The answer to the interrogative of this paper, why is difficult to learn a second language in adulthood, it could be divided in two. First of all, in 1997 with Hirsch, we only noticed that the mainly function in the BA was the speech production. Somehow or other, this could explain why second language learners could not produce sounds exactly as a native speaker. However, the new research by Sahin (2009) found that aspects of word identity, grammar and pronunciation are all computed within the BA. Before, it was believed that WA was in charge of the receptive language, namely reading (word identity and grammar), and the understanding of that. In contrast, the BA was in charge of the expressive language that is speech production (vocal tract). Due to this, it means that the BA is responsible for b oth receptive and expressive language, ScienceDaily (2009). Evidence of this, it is when you see adults trying to speak the second language. Their speed fluency is very slow, because they take time to form sentences, to verify if it is grammatical correct, and finally, if it is well pronounced. More complex the idea is, more time they take. This means that the BA is working in processing all these linguistics processes at once. All this situations make sense, but they make things more difficult to adult second language learners. (Well, depending on the way those adult second language learners see it, because this could be the perfect excuse to explain their mispronunciations and grammatical mistakes). No matters how, if these linguistics aspects are separated from the first language, it means that they have to start from zero and build up new morphological, syntactical, grammatical and phonological patterns in their brains. The strategy to teach the second language must definitely b e equal as children do. So this leads us to the second explanation of our question, which is the difference between learning and acquiring a second language. As Foppoli said, adults must acquire the second language naturally as children do. Parents do not have to explain children the grammar and phonology of the language. Contrarily, parents teach their children through a very auditory, visual and tactile way letting children make mistakes and learn from them. Children acquire the language communicatively through real meaningful conversations that make sense to talk about. On the other hand, adults do not acquire the second language; they learn the second language. Adults have knowledge of the second language and can demonstrate it in a grammar test or even, in a TOEFL. But, research has shown that knowing grammar rules of language do not necessarily result in good speaking or writing, adds Foppoli. So the methodology used by teachers and professors must be changed to a very meaning ful and communicative strategy. Instead of teaching grammar-oriented lessons or follow the instructions of an audio CD in order to repeat words and phrases as parrots, students must be encourage to use the language in real context. This means to form classes that promote communication, speaking and the key word, practice. In order to acquire the language adult second language learners must practice the language and learn from their mistakes as children do. They have to dare to speak with native speakers and get involved to the different aspects of the new language such reading newspaper, novels; listening to radio, music; watching TV, movies; writing essays, letters or anything. As the saying says, practice makes perfect. Conclusion In conclusion, learning a second language after childhood is definitely hard to acquire for biological and pedagogical reasons. Thanks to the technologies presented in the last fifteen years, it can confirm that the L1 and L2 will be always separated in the Brocas area for an adult learner. Children until the age of 9 or 10 will have the L1and L2 in the same place in the Wernickes area and Brocas area. This fact makes things complicated for adults because this means, they have to build up new patterns for grammar, syntax, morphology and phonology for the new language. Besides, it is erroneous the way that adults are learning and acquiring the second language. Consequently, we see how adult learners fail and get frustrated in second language classes for the methodology taught. In order to overcome these obstacles, it is really important that adults be aware of the functions of the brain and the right methodology to teach the second language. Meaningful and communicative lessons are the best tools to acquire it; in addition, attitude and motivation determine the success of these tools. But most important, it is the time and practice that adult must dedicate to learn, acquire and use the second language in real context.

A Night to Remember in Mexico Essay -- Mexico Personal Narratives Viol

A Night to Remember in Mexico When the event was over, it all seemed like a blur. I didn’t know what had just happened but I knew that I didn’t like it. The night was filled with frenzy in the air and liveliness in the streets. The Security guards, and for that matter the people that we had come with, departed. My friend and I, although surrounded by masses of people, stood alone on a street corner. There I was, standing in a place that was foreign to me, in which I had only two companions. The night air slapped me in the face, and I awoke to reality. I was surrounded by drunken Americans laughing and enjoying themselves on the streets. This is a night that would be burned into my memory forever; an event that would change who I am and how I looked at life, but for now it was time to figure out how to get out of Mexico. Earlier that week I had hopped in my car and headed for my friends house in Tucson. He had told me to meet him the night before we were supposed to leave so that we could pack and then get going early the next day. When I arrived at his house, still early in the day, I greeted my friend and then proceeded to throw my bags into the back of his truck. We gathered all of our things and made sure that we had all of our items. We settled in for the night at his house, excited about what was to come. Maybe these expectations would be falsified later on sure but for now all that was in our minds was the salty sea air, and the electrified dance clubs. The next day my friend Danny and I got up early to meet the people that we would be staying with, in the house we had rented in Mexico. When Danny and I arrived at the house where these people lived, I exited the truck and looked around. From first glance there s... ...he face numerous times. This problem between the group left us all defenseless in an area where none of us could let down our guards for fear of what might happen resulting from our presence in a foreign land. The three of us were able to find a cab to take us back to the house we had been staying at. Danny told me that we needed to leave that night before Mike and Matt got back. He then continued to inform me that the two had carried guns across the border and would have no qualms with coming into the house and using them on myself and the other involved in the conflict while we were asleep. We went back to the house, packed our things and headed for the border. As a result of this experience I have started to look more carefully at my first perceptions of people and going with what I believe. I was lucky to escape from this situation, not in jail and not dead.

Liquid Crystal Display Essay

A thin, flat electronic visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals is known as a liquid crystal display. Direct light is not emitted by LCDs. Displaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays of LCDs are used in most applications. Two sheets of polarizing material, are used in LCD displays, with a liquid crystal solution between them. The crystals align as a result of an electric current, so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either blocking the light or allowing light to pass through. Some of the technologies behind liquid crystal display are as follows Illumination-A cold cathode fluorescent lamp that is situated behind the LCD panel is used as an external lighting mechanism as LCD panels produce no light of their own. The conventional backlit LCDs are now being widely replaced by two types of LED backlit LCD displays. Active Matrix-This design depends on the usage of thin film transistors (TFT) — basically, tiny switching transistors and capacitors. One of the most important technologies behind liquid crystal display. These are arranged in a matrix on a glass substrate. They are required to switch the LCD’s pixels on and off rapidly. In LCDs, each colour pixel is created by three sub-pixels with red, green and blue colour filters. Twisted Neman tics-To allow light to pass through, twisted nematic displays containing liquid crystal elements are used, these twist and untwist at varying degrees to allow light to pass though . Any grey level or transmission can be achieved by properly adjusting the level of the voltage. Advanced fringe field switching (AFFS)-This technology provides superior performance and colour gamut with high luminosity. It helps in maintaining a wider viewing angle for a professional display and also minimizing colour distortion. Enhancement of the white/grey reproduction is achieved by optimizing the white gamut which also corrects the colour shift and deviation caused by light leakage. Vertical alignment (VA)-In this technology the need for extra transistors is removed because the liquid crystal material naturally exists in a vertical state. When no voltage is applied a black display is created and a white display is created when voltage is applied. This is one of the most widely used technologies behind liquid crystal display Bluephase Mode-It is used to obtain a better display of moving images; it also helps in improving the temporal response of liquid crystal displays. This technology removes the usage of expensive colour filters also short switching times can be achieved so realization of time sequential colour coding can be done Quality Control-There maybe occurrence of defective transistors in LCD panels which cause permanently lit or unlit pixels which are known as stuck pixels or dead pixels respectively. The presence of few defective transistors does not hamper the stability of the LCD panels. However the location of the defective pixels is important . it may be rendered useless if the defective pixels are clustered or are in the centre of the viewing area . also uneven patches may occur which is termed as clauding.

2 Assignmets Total 250 Words About Economic Policy And Government

2 Assignmets Total 250 Words About Economic Policy And Government 2 Assignmets Total 250 Words About Economic Policy And Government Budgets – Essay Example Your full full June 17, Economic Policy and Government Budgets Yes, sharp disagreements about management of the economy divide economic liberals and conservatives. Differences also exist between them regarding the way they use to frame policy alternatives. While designing economic policy alternatives, liberals focus on the role of the government in regulating all areas of the economy. They believe that increasing tax rates, interest rates and government spending can benefit the economy. On the other hand, conservatives believe that lowering tax rates and cutting government spending can prove beneficial for the economy. They also try to limit the role of the government in order to empower individualism. They promote free market system and limited role of the government in regulating the economy.Liberals and conservatives have different viewpoints on almost every matter of life. Liberals view the process of change as progress, whereas conservatives are generally cautious about change. If we talk about management of the economy, we can say that this issue also divides liberals and conservatives. Liberals promote federal power system and believe that the role of the government is critical in stabilizing the economy. On the other hand, conservatives promote local power system and raise their voice for privatization of national institutions and reduced government regulations.ResponseI would say that the post was highly informative. The author made the viewpoints more understandable by including some relevant examples. The author also revealed the ideas of liberals and conservatives regarding economic policies. Summing it up, I would say that the author presented both viewpoints in a well-structured way.Not required

Personal Habit Research Proposal

Personal Habit Research Proposal Proposal I am 23 years old man with a high profile as a respected member of the society. I have learned to live with the society for long upholding the norms and values (David 141-167) to the later. One strict value if control of behavior and conforming to what the society discerns as moral. However, I find myself not conforming to the general society knowing well that I go against some of the values that anger many. There is behavior I have adopted (Klaus 57-79) lately, and it id pissing me off thinking how awful it could be for the society and how lethal it could spell doom to the people around me. I have a tendency of spitting after encountering anything unpleasant or after am angered by something. This spitting habit has developed to a point that I can even spit after I found somebody I hate on the way or something that goes against my wish. Of late, I find myself angering many people when I spit anywhere without any conscious mind only to realize later when the damage is done. It is really a unfair for the people who are around me. This is contrary to what people in the general society do. In fact, spitting is like a taboo in the society and should not be as public as I make it. For all people within the society, when spitting, they most probably use a handkerchief as a value of hygiene and dignity. One found spitting anywhere regardless of the surrounding environment is seen as bleaching the morals of society. In fact, it is viewed as unhygienic to spit anywhere be it when alone or in the midst of the people. I know am allergic to smells even the least smell of sweat, and this is a factor that has contributed to the spitting behavior, but this does not justify the excuse of spitting anywhere. I work in the midst of people in the public arena and smell are a daily thing meaning that I spit severally in a day. It all started with where I lived before I vacated to another residential area, so I can regard it as a learned behavior (Stephen 125), not anything biological. The place smelled horrible because right next to the residential houses was a dumping site that had increased heaps almost reaching the level of the windows. It used to be horrible, and I spit every time I got back home from a fresh-air environment back to the nasty smelling and horrible looking environment. I have to do something and this time it has to be serious because this behavior is unquestionably becoming a nuisance and I am loosing many friends and angering many people I meet, especially strangers. To make matters worse, I have landed in the hands of city councils for several times and paid fines worth more than 20 dollars but I still cannot changes. Rewards and punishments (Stephen 125) of this kind seem not to work for me because I still spit without caring who is around or where I am. I have tried many options, and it seems like I will never change. This is because no matter how devoted I am to restrain myself from spitting, I always find myself ones in a while doing it. I have come up with a better idea, and I hope this time my proposal works. For one, I spit because of smells when in the midst of people. This type of conditioning behavior (William 107) strikes immediately I smell something awful. I know it is normal to dislike something awful in smell by the rest of society do thing differently by first holding the nose, and if it worsens, they spit on handkerchiefs and not on the ground as I do. To counter this, am willing to wear a nose and mouth mask if it means it is the only way for me to get over this weird and crude behavior. Wearing a mask for several days will decisively contribute positively to changing my behavior. For one, I cannot spit when wearing a mask because it covers my mouth unless I am cruel enough to spit on myself. My behavior requires convictions, and unless I am ready to punish myself for a change, then it will never happens. The nose will also be in cover meaning that many smells will pass by without my knowledge. This way, I know the humiliation behind this will force me to conform to morals and by the time, I am done; it will be a different case because I will have changed my behavior. I also intend to take my behavior change to another level. I know well that development of behavior is psychological and at times, it can never stop unless it stops in the mind. My behavior reflects the theory of behavior under the concept of conditioning (David 141-167). I am prepared to take this behavior to a psychologist because I feel I need therapy not only to stop me from spitting but also to be in line with my practices to conform to the values of the society. I better take chances and budget for therapy because it is becoming serious it might be a disaster in my life. I trust that with a good psychologist, things will be better because he will have different perception and guidelines on how to stop the spitting behavior. Lastly, I intend to start a small program on monitoring the behavior (Klaus 57-79). I know it sounds weird because I am the one to control the program but I have to try to do these well in advance before things get worse. This program will be a monitoring of the days spitting behavior. I will have two cards red and white. One red card meaning I spit one time in that day and white meaning I overcome an attempt to spit that day. I will place these cards every day after work when I am home and try genuinely putting every card regarding what I did that day. What this will do is that I will miss a meal if the red cards exceed the white cards for the day and this will be literal. Because I have a brother in my house, I am willing to mandate him to be serious in following my program and restricting me from taking anything if they do exceed. I know it will be hard to follow the program strictly, because I will be the one placing the cards, but am hoping with the zeal I have within me, I will be sincere with the program regardless of the trouble I will have to go through. Spitting behavior is unquestionably getting on my nerves, and I have to stop it as fast as possible. Regardless of what cost I will go through, I am prepared to conform to the norms and behaviors acceptable within the society because it is the only way to live. I know equally well that the proposal mind sound abstract but I have the zeal that whatever I set will help me get through this behavior finally and bring back my normal self.

A persuasive postion paper on Fast food, burger king VS McDonalds Essay

A persuasive postion paper on Fast food, burger king VS McDonalds - Essay Example Others would counter that the discerning diner will detect real differences between fast food franchises when flavor, promotions and dining experience are considered. As one of these discerning consumers, I feel considerable differences can be found when comparing two fast food franchises such as Burger King and McDonalds. McDonalds is truly a ground –breaking enterprise. Global in scope and backed by decades of success, this fast food giant has set the standard for all others for many years. This fact is apparent in McDonald’s popularity and profits (Associated Press). But like an old shoe that’s been worn too much, McDonald’s has a sole that is wearing thin. The greatest problem is flavor of the food. True, it has been consistent for many decades, but that’s the problem. While other eateries have been innovative in positive ways, McDonalds seems to be stuck in a flavor rut. They are constantly introducing new items, like burritos and iced coffee, but they just seem to taste like everything else they already sell. Perhaps this can be attributed to the predictability of the promotions McDonalds tend to run. Cheap plastic gizmos of the latest blockbuster movie for the kids and sweepstakes games like monopoly are old and tired. They just add to a dated feeling present on the menu and in the store. McDonalds seems to have kept none of the nostalgia that has made it a traditional favorite while at the same time not really moving forward with anything truly innovative for years. Burger King, on the other hand, has made great strides in producing outstanding flavor results on its menu. The best innovation isn’t really an innovation at all. They simply offer fresh tomatoes, lettuce and onions on all of their burgers as a standard feature. They haven’t started making new products. Instead, they focus on doing a better job on giving their existing products the best flavor possible. Burger King also offers fewer promotional items and the

Religious Education Resource Package Speech or Presentation

Religious Education Resource Package - Speech or Presentation Example It is essential for a teacher to be aware of what to teach during RE classes and why to teach it. In most Catholic schools, RE is accounted for in timetables and programs for teaching for over two hours every week. For the time spent in RE classes, the students will learn about the life of Jesus Christ and about Catholic traditions. Learning about the seven sacraments and practicing them will aid the students in exploration of the traditions of the Catholic Church and the way it works in their lives. Christian life should be about the seven sacraments (Holy Spirit Interactive, 2009). For this reason, the seven sacraments have a vital place in all Christians’ lives, which necessitates teaching them to young Christians. In the Christian journey of faith, the seven sacraments act as the signs of the presence of God (Bausch, 2003). Therefore, the community, parents, and teachers of Catholic communities must play their role and be responsible for the provision of opportunities to l earn and engage in these sacraments to Catholic K-2 level students. Sacrament of Conversion allows Catholic Christians to renew their baptism and follow Jesus Christ’s example. ... Sacraments are Jesus Christ’s extensions because they are symbolic of Jesus’ actions and extensions of the actions of God. These actions are an oath via which Catholic Christians seek witnessing and verification from God. Catholics ask for verification and witnessing that all they do is good and true, which is what the Sacraments call Christians to do (Crowe, 2005). Every Sacrament is a dispensation of life in the comprehension that we are born, or renew our Christian beliefs and life through the Sacrament (Fosarelli, 2012). The Sacrament of Conversion’s importance comes through the effect that it has on individuals. According to the Catholic Church’s Catechism, the Sacrament of Penance has several effects including (Williams, 2008); Reconciliation with the Catholic Church Reconciliation with God Increasing of spiritual strength required in the battle of Christianity Spiritual consolation and serenity and peace of conscience Reconciliation with God’ s Church Partial remission of temporal punishment that comes from sin Remission of God’s eternal punishment because of mortal sin Resources for Background Knowledge Books White, J. D., & White, A. A. (2004): Teach it: Penance and reconciliation. This book is especially meant to be used in RE programs for teachers. It follows the teachings of the Catholic Church and is based on the Bible and the Catholic Church Catechism. In addition, the authors dwell in their introduction on the role that teachers and parents have to play in preparing the children for their first and subsequent Sacrament of Penance, while also including practical ways that seek to involve teachers and parents more in the RE program. Majority of the activities in this book are easy to

Why might a healthy psychological contract amonst its employees be Assignment

Why might a healthy psychological contract amonst its employees be important to an organisation's effectiveness - Assignment Example This concept has been widely discussed by the scholars lately and showed to have certain impact on the overall performance of an organization. However, in order to determine why a healthy psychological contract among the employees is important to an organization’s effectiveness, it is necessary to build a clear definition of what a psychological contract is first of all. Defining psychological contract Since the concept is relatively new, the scientists are still arguing on what exactly psychological contract is. The classical definitions state that psychological contract is either â€Å"the perceptions of both parties to the employment relationship, organization and individual, of the reciprocal promises and obligations implied in that relationship† (Guest and Conway, 2002, p.1) or â€Å"an individual’s belief in mutual obligations between that person and another party such as an employer† (Rousseau and Tijoriwala, 1998, p.679). A quite similar definition have Hall and Moss (1998), who claim that psychological contract consists of the mutual expectations in the employer-employee relationship. So, in general it seems that the concept of psychological contract is more related to employees, because organizations, as employers, cannot have any beliefs or expectations. People are the ones who have them. Therefore, in short it can be said that a psychological contract might be described as an unwritten agreement between upper management and employees, that outlines how both parties see and understand their cooperation. Importance of healthy psychological contract to organization’s effectiveness It is rather well-know that a happy and satisfied employee is a good worker. Consequently, good employees that show loyalty and devotion to their companies must have all their needs met and, thus, be happy. This is, according to Cyril van de Ven (2004), one of the major goals of psychological contract. It reduces employees’ insecurity regarding their jobs. Since it is physically impossible to state all the aspect of employee-employer relationships in a written contract, the psychological contract helps by means of filling the gaps of the official one. The psychological contact, consequently, helps employees to evaluate and measure their obligations to the company and those of the organization to employees. So, if an employee believes that both parties fulfill their obligations, he or she is likely to show positive behaviors that contribute to the quality of his or her job performance. Another important function of psychological contract is giving employees the feeling that they have some power over events within the organization (Anderson and Schalk, 1998). This means that with the help of psychological contract employees percept the interrelation of roles and events as something they have agreed upon and have control over. As a result, even their self-esteem gets higher. So, if the psychological contract does n ot get broken, the employee will feel secure in the job. In addition, he or she will be performing well, thus fulfilling own obligations on the contract, in response to the company’s fulfilling its obligations on the psychological contract. Consequently, when employees perform their jobs well the organization in general becomes more effective. A Healthy psychological contract ensures that employees are satisfied with their jobs, loyal to the organization, have adequate work-family balance, and feel fair treatment form the side of the employer. As a result the company gets reduced employee turnover and absenteeism, as well as improved individual and organizational performance. Employers’ influence on the state of the psychological contract Employers, in their turn, should take all the possible measures

SCP model Strategy Essay Example for Free

SCP model Strategy Essay Building on the SCP model, Michael Porter developed the highly influential five forces model. Porter’s model identifies five key competitive forces that managers need to consider when analysing the industry environment and formulating strategy: Porter‘s 5 competitive forces model is starting point for strategic analysis that is used for assessing the attractiveness of an industry (Johnson,et al , 2008) and discovering a desirable strategic innovation that improve the industry and company profitability (Wit and Meyer,2005) The threats to new entrants: The threat from new entrants is very high. Entering the electric automotive industry in 2003, Tesla itself faced the challenges of being the new entrant into the market having numerous financial troubles that required high capital investments, building the brand and distributions channels. However, for established manufacturers with considerable economic power to enter this market is relatively low due to their capabilities and governmental program support for developing electric vehicle (Shirouzu, 2011). There is a relatively low barrier to entry due to the higher demand for environmental friendly vehicles and with other outlets for available technology for lithium-ion batteries, it is a level of playing field where any company can replicate (Shirouzu,2011). This is an external threat that Tesla faces because this technology is easy to imitate by competitors. The bargaining power of Buyers Overall bargaining power of buyers is modest. According to Tesla Annual Report (2014), they rely on their relationship with Daimler and Toyota (Brown, 2013). The partnership is very important for Tesla, because supplying these companies constitutes the high share of their profit and thus, they cannot lose them, making their power considerably high. However, they also sell their cars to individual customers, and many government incentives give potential customers tax credit deduction (Ministry of Transportation, 2010). These programs stimulate the demand of electric cars that makes bargaining power low. Threat of Substitution The threat of substitutes is considerably law in automotive industry, because there are only few choices in the substitution of car. One of the  substitutes can be walking or biking that is very inconvenience for long distances. Moreover, mass transportation such as trains, buses, and subways are substitutes that are suitable for local and distant travelling (Dutch, 2008). However, many people prefer to have their own car that is more convenient. The Bargaining Power of Suppliers The power of suppliers is very high due to the fact that company is highly dependent on these suppliers and any problems with components delivering will result in production disruption that negatively reflects on company image. This is due to purchasing components from over 200 suppliers over the world. Despite of building close relationships with main suppliers such as Panasonic (Tesla Motors, 2014), working together on the development of new battery cell and replacing Lotus supplier ‘s chassis with manufacturing by themselves (Tesla Motors, 2014), many suppliers stay single sources of components used in their cars (Harryson and Keller, 2013) The Intensity of Rivalry in the Industry The rivalry in the whole automotive industry is very competitive. However, within electrical vehicle market in which Tesla position itself, the rivalry is modest because of small number of competitors in the face of 18 different current models, the main of which are Nissan Leaf Ford Focus BEV and Chevrolet Volt (Insideevs.com, 2014). However, this market is very attractive and expanding fast, therefore more companies, including BMW, Audi and Volkswagen, has entered it recently with their plug-in models (White, 2013). In addition, every company is trying to create their niche, developing many alternatives in term of environmentally friendly cars, including hybrids, small performance turbo diesels and biodiesel cars. Thus, in future, the rivalry will be more intensive and companies will need to keep innovative, improving and making better cars. Brown, N. (2013). Daimler Wants Increased Cooperation With Tesla Motors. [online] CleanTechnical. Available at: http://cleantechnica.com/2013/11/07/daimler-wants-increased-cooperation-tesla-motors/ [Accessed 6 April. 2014 Harryson, S. and Keller, S. (2014). Tesla Motors Case II: From Technology Start up to Commercialization Vehicle.CIEL. [online] Available at: http://ciel-lab.dk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Case_Tesla-Motors-Part-II.pdf [Accessed 1 April. 2014] Insideevs.com, (2014). February 2014 Plug-In Electric Vehicle Sales Report Card | Inside EVs. [online] Available at: http://insideevs.com/february-2014-plug-in-electric-vehicle-sales-report-card/ [Accessed 3 April. 2014] Ministry of Transportation, (2010). Newsroom : Ontario Paves The Way For Electric Vehicles. [online] Available at: http://news.ontario.ca/mto/en/2010/06/ontario-paves-the-way-for-electric-vehicles.html [Accessed 4 April. 2014] Tesla Motors, (2014). About Tesla | Tesla Motors. [online] Available at: http://www.teslamotors.com/about [Accessed 20 April. 2014 Wit, B. and Meyer, R. (2005).Strategy synthesis. 3rd ed. London: Thomson Learning.

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter, written in the 1800's by Anti-Transcendentalist Nathaniel Hawthorne, tells the story of Hester Prynne. Young Hester lived in New England, about the same time witch trials were still conducted, and she is found guilty of carrying a baby whose father she refuses to confess. The punishment for this crime is from then until the rest of her life, Hester had to bear a stitched 'A'; on her breast. This 'A'; carries the namesake of the book, The Scarlet Letter. Although thought to be an embarrassment and form of torture for Hester, this scarlet letter seems to become a sense of pride for Prynne. This scarlet letter grows to become a part of Hester an identification to her child Pearl. The scarlet letter is a constant recurring symbol in Hawthorne's novel, but it doesn't satisfy only one purpose. As many symbols tend to do, the scarlet letter serves numerous functions, which enhance the story. The first and most obvious symbol would be the actual 'A'; that was stitched on Hester's chest. In this example, the scarlet letter was a symbol for the entire world to see and ridicule Prynne for her 'wrong-doing'; This use of public humiliation for Hester was thought to be necessary to punish and teach Prynne a lesson. This puts much focus on the way people harass and torture others simply because they feel other people have done things morally wrong and deserve punishment. While the 'wrong-doers'; are being punished, the punishers in turn commit wrongs. Here many questions arise. Was it wrong for Hester to keep her child's father a secret from the public? Was is wrong for her to have to live her life as a walking, breathing example of what that Boston community thought was bad? Another usage of symbol in this book was what the scarlet letter becomes for Hester. This punishment which was branded into her soul for eternity starts to shift gears as the novel progresses. The sentence for her crime starts to become more a part of her than she would ever have imagined. Although the origin of the 'A'; to the public was, is, and always will be for her crime of adultery, which was at that time considered illegal and immoral, but it also gives her public recognition. The recognition was of course bad at first, but it was still a way that turned all heads, and eyes were on Hester.

Dali :: essays research papers

The life of Salvador Dali was one of much eccentricity, but he was also one of the most influential painters of the twentieth century. The story of his life is an extremely interesting one, and greatly inspired his artwork. Dali’s childhood and his growing up process had a lot to do with the man he would become later in life. He had a brother who was born before him, who had the same name. He died of meningitis before the Salvador Dali we know was born. This had an obvious psychological effect on our Dali. It caused him to be very ambitious as he felt he needed to prove himself to his family. His deceased brother was very special to his entire family, and Dali always felt inferior to this â€Å"image.† Being the center of attention was always important to Dali. One year, when Haley’s comet was going through the air and his entire family was watching the sky, he kicked his sister because no one was paying any attention to him. Dali’s family was compromised of an increasing number of women, and his entire life he portrayed feminine attributes. The death of his mother at age seventeen traumatized him immensely. And to add to the shock, his father then married his mother’s sister. Before this, Dali painted gorgeous landscapes and portraits, but now he begins to paint his â€Å"tormented soul.† In 1921, Dali began to attend the University Residence of Madrid. There, he met friends like Federico Garcia Lorca (a famous poet). Lorca was gay and fell in love with Dali, who was immature sexually at this point in his life and scared of gay relations, but the two remained close for many years afterwards. One year after he started at the University, he got suspended a year. He was eventually expelled two years later for his problems with authority. He claimed that he was more qualified than the teachers and administration who examined him. Dali was still painting at this point, and became very much interested in Freud’s theory of the unconscious (ego, superego, id) and dream interpretation, where he believed dreams were ways to allow our unconscious to express itself in disguise. Dali met Freud in 1938 and Freud was not very impressed with Dali. Rejection set in, and he started to move away from Freudian theories. One of Dali’s friends, Paul Eluard, had a wife by the name of Gala, who Dali was enamored with.

What were Apple’s competitive advantages

During the end 70’s and beginning of the 80’s, Apple’s competitive advantages assured high profitability to the firm. Apple II and Macintosh were premium (priced) products that were very easy-to-use computers with appealing design and technical elegance. Despite the slow processor speed and the lack of compatible software, the combination of superior software and peripherals, giving â€Å"unmatched capabilities in desktop publishing†, allowed Apple to reach 8% of the world market and more than 50% of the education market in the US by the mid 80’s. Also one other factor important for the high success of Apple in its early days is the fact that the operating system (OS) was a closed system, being therefore very difficult to clone. After some ups and downs during the 90’s decade, the strategy of Apple continued to base on differentiation. They offer high-quality, an exceptional design, the ease of use of their products, security, high-quality bundled software and in-store personalized service. At the same time, the incorporation of some standard interfaces (like USB ports) made Apple computers less closed systems, allowing the Mac customer to use non Mac peripherals with his OS. In terms of technical features, the total Mac sales increased about 40% from 2006 to 2007 thanks to Intel’s dual-core technology for Apple’s laptops. This specification allowed Apple to build laptops that were faster and less-power consuming, and at the same time could also easily run Windows and other third-party OS. One of the main problems of Apple, the lack of Macintosh software, was now solved. As it was mentioned above, one of Apple’s recent competitive advantages is the in-store personalized service. This, of course, is directly related to the introduction of stores, important not only because those stores are sales locations, but also because it allows Apple to control the image of the brand and provide an excellent customer service. The success of Apple stores is also due to the â€Å"halo effect† of iPod and iPhone that attracted many people to the stores. The iTunes Music and App online store, together with the iPod and iPhone products, are also one of the main reasons for the increasing of sales of Mac computers. Analyze the dynamics of the PC industry. Are these dynamics favorable or problematic for Apple? In our days computers are in most people everyday life and business and therefore computers are becoming even more a commoditized product. It is estimated that 1 billion of PCs are in use around the world! The PC industry has its origins in the mid-70s and it was dominated by IBM during its first decade of existence. By the early 90’s Wintels (Windows OS with Intel processors) replaced IBM computers as the industry standard. The market in those years already suffered some (fast) changes, as there were thousands of manufacturers (HP, Dell, Acer, Apple, and clone makers) building computers. In terms of buyers, also some several changes were observed: the US was no longer the main customer of this industry. The main share of the average 15% growth of PCs goes to the emerging markets, to countries like India and China. At the same time, revenue growth didn’t grow, mainly due to the decreasing of prices of these products. The main suppliers in this industry are the component manufacturers, the OS software programmers and the Application software developers. In what component manufacturers is concerned, the industry is dominated by two players, Intel and AMD, to produce microprocessors. These microprocessors are totally different in terms requirements and motherboard design, so if a PC manufacturer would think on changing the microprocessors of its products, it would also have to support high switching costs. The OS software programmers are resumed to one player, Microsoft Windows (about 90% of world computers run through Window platform). The Application software developers are mainly ISV’s, or Independent Software Vendors. In what buyers are concerned, we can divide them into 5 categories: home, small and medium business, corporate, education and government. In the past years we have been assisting to several changes: the home segment is nowadays the most important of the segments (42% of computers were acquired by this segment in 2007), followed by the business customers. In order to respond to the many needs of these customers, PC manufacturers react offering broad products. At the same time, it also must be taken into consideration that these segments meet different requirements when acquiring a PC: the home segment is very price sensitive and has recently started to value the product design, the mobility and wireless capability. The business customer makes his decision based on a combination of price an service. In terms of barriers of new entries, brands like Dell, Apple or HP are brand recognized and in a general way their clients are loyal to them, creating therefore difficulties for a potential new player in this market. Also the fact that most of these companies have good relationships with OEM allows them to benefit from economies of scale. The threat of substitution is high. Taking in consideration that the home buyer is the â€Å"best client†, there are several products that might be an alternative to computers, in particular laptops. PDA’s, smartphones, or game consoles allow the consumer to run video, watch DVD’s, play games, or even surf the web. In terms of competitive rivalry, the market is dominated by 4 players, Dell, HP, Acer and Lenovo. Together, these companies are responsible for more than 50% PC shipments (2007 data). In a general way, these companies are adopting a strategy of improving design, R&D spending, and aggressive consumer marketing. According to this industry analysis, Apple’s position in the market might be of some concern. One of the good and positive aspects of Apple’s strategy is the launching of complementary products to the Macs, like the Apple TV or home data centers. The strategy of differentiation and innovation has to continue to be adopted, as well as to build exclusive agreements and partnerships and OEM. Has Steve Jobs finally solved Apple’s long-standing problems with respect to the Macintosh business? In 1997, when Steve Jobs became the CEO of Apple, the firm was going through some problems with the Mac business. These problems weren’t solved with Spindler and Amelio strategies, which were mainly the cost reduction (cutting of 16% Apple workforce and reducing R&D spending), and several deep payroll cuts. Apple was already incurring in several losses and something had to be done! Steve Jobs started to restructure the company: partnerships with Microsoft, development of core products such as Microsoft Office, end of licensing agreements (to avoid cannibalization of Apple’s computers), consolidation of the product range, outsourcing, changing of distribution system, and promoting the brand as â€Å"a hip alternative† to other brands. But one of the most important changes was during 2006, four years after the launch of Mac OS X, when Apple’s computers also started to be equipped with Intel technology, allowing not only to reduce the technical specifications gaps between Macs and Wintel computers (Mac were slower in speed and more energy consuming) but also to use third-party applications (until then, Apple had to produce their own software because of its small market share). These measures, together with the synergies of iPod, iTunes and iPhone are responsible for the 33% increasing of Total Macintosh sales from 2006 to 2007. However, Apple still remains in the 2-3% range worldwide PC market. As its products are premium priced, I think that some measures might have to be taken in consideration, such as to continue developing and improving the brand image in order to continue practicing premium prices in its products, to improve relationship with 3rd parties (for example, with music labels for iTunes, with NBC for the Apple TV or with 3rd party software developers) or to continue producing complementary products to Macs. The iPod-iTunes business has been a spectacular success. Has Jobs found a new formula to create a sustainable competitive advantage for Apple? In fact, the iPod and iTunes and their synergies with Apple’s computers are one of the key drivers for the success of Apple. The launch of the iPod in 2001 and specially the introduction of iPod for Windows in 2002 simply boosted Apple’s sales. In 2003 the sales of iPods more than doubled in respect to the previous year. Its design, the easy to use system, its high margins (thanks to the use of flash memories instead of hard disks) and its reasonable selling price are some of the factors responsible for being such a hit. But it is in this very same year that the iTunes system is born. This online service is the main factor for iPod’s success (in 2004, after the first year of iTunes launch, iPods sales almost increased 300% as of 2003; in 2007 the iPod accounts for 35% of Apple’s total revenue). This reveals the synergy between iPod and iTunes (and also iPhone). This competitive advantage is not difficult to maintain as Apple has in fact the best product in the market, in terms of hardware and an efficient easy to use online store. The only problem that might exist is in terms of relationships with the music companies. In order to maintain the market size, Apple has to improve on this subject.

Oreo Cookies Essays

Oreo Cookies Essays Oreo Cookies Paper Oreo Cookies Paper Oreo Cookie Products Nabisco is a company that has been in existents since 1898. During their 109 years in existence, they have grown through natural growth, mergers, and acquisitions. This has allowed Nabisco to be the leading snack maker in the world. Being the leading snack maker has allowed Nabisco to introduce a diverse selection of foods. However in recent years Nabisco has been reluctant to adapt to current market trends. The company was focusing on producing new versions of existing products to make them more convenient. However Nabisco was ignoring that other companies were creating similar products that were cheaper and also healthier products. Recently, Nabisco realized this trend and began creating healthier foods such as 100-calorie snack packs, low carb foods, and low fat foods. With these new products, Nabisco has been able to serve people that have chosen to adapt to a healthy eating life style. The new Fat Free OREO that Nabisco will be introducing next year will solidify Nabisco as a company that is willing to support those that have adopted that healthy eating life style. Nabisco is expecting the new Fat Free OREO to become one of the leading fat free snacks on the market. Nabisco hopes to expand to other fat free products like OREO piecrust, OREO ice cream cones, and snack size packages of Fat Free OREO for vending machines or individual purchases in 2009. Situation Analysis In 1898, The National Biscuit Company was formed in the US through the merger of several regional baking companies. In 1952, the now familiar red Nabisco triangle first appeared on the upper left corner of National Biscuit Company products. National Biscuit Company changed its name to Nabisco in 1971. In 1981, Nabisco, Inc. merged with Standard Brands (founded in 1929) to become Nabisco Brands. To expand their global presence and to strengthen their position in the fast-growing consumer snacks sector, Philip Morris Co. Inc. acquired Nabisco Holdings in December 2000. Philip Morris purchased Nabisco for $14. 9 billion in cash plus assumed $4 million in debt (Grant 243). Nabisco is the world’s largest manufacturer and marketer of cookies and crackers, based on retail sales. Eventually, Philip Morris integrated the Nabisco brands with its Kraft Food operations (Cookies 4). In March 2001, Philip Morris created a new holding company for the combined operations known as Kraft Foods Inc. (lacking the comma of the previous Kraft Foods, Inc). The previous Kraft Foods was renamed Kraft Foods North America (Grant 243). The people of Kraft have recognized that the business has an important role in society- a responsibility that included understanding and meeting the public’s expectations, helping to address important social, environmental and economic issues and making a difference in local communities and the world. They firmly believe that â€Å"Our success will depend importantly on our willingness and ability to listen, get feedback on what we’re doing from those both inside and outside Kraft and act responsibly on issues of important concern. † Beginning in the early 1990’s cookie sales began to slowly decline because consumer’s buying habits were shifting towards lower calorie. When more brands began making low fat products, then sales began to slowly increase again. By the early 2000s the low fat trend was out and the low carb trend was in. Therefore, cookie sales fell by 1. 9 percent. The low carb craze has diminished in the eyes of Americans. There are numerous diets that are setting the trend for the low fat craze. Among them are the South Beach Diet, Jenny Craig, and Weight Watchers. However, these diets do not ban but actually encourage the consumption of â€Å"good† fats. In order to gain back old consumers and attract new consumers, companies have had to develop a wide variety of products containing a low or no amount of fat. Numerous companies are creating low fat/no fat versions of their products and other companies are specializing primarily in low fat/no fat foods. When Nabisco introduced their fat free cookies to the market in 1995, US sales zoomed peaking at about $490 million. The turnout of the product’s sales will give other companies an insight on whether they should create a fat free cookie product. Objectives Nabisco has been very successful with its OREO products. Now is the time to become more competitive in other areas by becoming more attractive to potential customers. Nabisco now plans to focus on better-for-you-products with less marketing to children. Since the weight loss trend is targeting more awareness of fat intake, instead of low fat products, we are choosing to shift some of our weight towards the fat free market. The Fat Free OREO will help broaden our marketability in the cookie industry. Strengths Among Kraft Foods’ many strengths is its standing as the largest branded food and beverage company in North America and the second largest worldwide. Kraft Foods are found in more than 99 percent of all households (Company Overview 1). Nabisco is one of the seven Kraft brands that bring in more than $1 billion in revenues each year ($3. billion) (Grant 235). Nabisco is ranked as the top cookie maker, with $1,432,539,000 in sales for the year of 2006 (see appendix A). Nabisco has consistently been the leader in the industry, selling nine of the top twenty cookies worldwide, including OREO, the world’s largest selling cookie brand (for cookie sales, see Appendix B). One of Kraft’s most important strengths is the power of their brands. They work to grow these brands by: Focusing on fast growing sectors such as snacks, beverages, and convenient meals. Addressing consumer needs for health and wellness. Expanding their presence in faster growing distribution channels. Targeting fast growing demographics and economic segments. Focusing on fast growing sectors is the strength we will base our new product on. Kraft Foods will be introducing a new fat free OREO cookie. As we closely observed the shift in society’s eating habits, we realized that we needed to come up with a new product to accommodate those who do not purchase our products; those who are not currently purchasing our products. This may include consumers who abide by some kind of strict diet plan. Since the new recent health diet trend is low or no fat diets, we used the facts and statistics in the development of our new product, the Fat Free OREO. Our new product will contain 0 grams of fat per serving and 0 grams of sugar, because we are substituting sugar for the sweetener, Splenda Weaknesses While Nabisco is the top cookie maker, our sales have slowly declined the past few decades. An important reason for the declines in Nabisco’s cookie and cracker business is that during the 1980’s, Nabisco aggressively increased its price causing consumers to buy less (Cookies 2). Nabisco still holds the largest part of the business; however, private labels have begun to heavily cut into Nabisco’s market share. Our product will be made with more expensive ingredients as all healthy foods are, therefore, we will not be lowering the cost of our product which will be a weakness. The price of our new product will be a few cents higher than the price of the regular OREOs. While the original OREOs are priced around $3. 00 per package, the Fat Free OREO will be sold for $3. 15 per package. Another reason for the decline in sales is that we do not make products that serve the health conscious society. Nabisco has introduced several reduced fat products, but consumers more recently have become interested in low or no fat intake. Nabisco’s OREO cookies have a total of 7 grams of fat and 14 grams of sugar per serving (three cookies), while one of our competitors are marketing new cookies that have 4. 5 grams of fat and 5 grams of sugar per serving. We hope that developing this new product will raise our sales and reach the target audience we are aiming our marketing efforts towards. Also, since our competitor’s cookies only contain 4. 5 grams of fat, it will be essential to have less fat but still have a great taste. Financial Information It will cost Kraft Foods Inc. 10 million dollars to develop the formula for the Fat Free OREO. There is an increase cost of production of around seven cents per package compared to the traditional OREO. The majority of this difference is due to more expensive ingredients. We are estimating to charge an additional 15 cents per package, which will continue our current profit margin. All marketing costs will be taken from Kraft Foods total marketing budget, so that the marketing costs do not directly factor into the cost of production. Break Even Analysis With a cost of $3. 15 per package, Kraft Foods Inc. will continue on the same profit margin as the traditional OREO, which is double the cost of production. The cost of producing a package of Fat Free OREOs is approximately $1. 57 per package. By dividing $1. 57 into $10 million, Kraft Foods Inc. figures it will take approximately 6. 4 million packages to break even. Sales Forecast Kraft Foods Inc. is projecting first year sales to be around 5 million packages with most of those being sold in the second half of the year. The reason that Kraft Foods Inc. is expecting greater sales in the second half of the year is that once the product hits the shelves, it will take time for all the consumers to hear about the new product. They are expecting sales to increase in the second year by 2 million packages for a total of 7 million packages. The reason for the increase in sales is that by 2009, all stores should be carrying the Fat Free OREO and through our aggressive marketing campaign most people would have heard about the Fat Free Oreo and they will desire to buy the product. By the end of the first quarter of 2009, Kraft Foods Inc. forecasts that the Fat Free OREO would have sold enough packages to earn a profit. Work Cited â€Å"Strategies for Growth†. Kraft Foods Inc. http://164. 109. 16. 145/investors/strategies. html â€Å"Responsibility†. Kraft Foods Inc. kraft. com/responsibility/index. html â€Å"Company Overview†. Kraft Foods Inc. http://164. 109. 16. 145/investors/strategies. html